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The 2011 Halloween nor'easter, sometimes referred to as "Snowtober" and "Storm Alfred", was a large low pressure area that produced unusually early snowfall across the northeastern United States and the Canadian Maritimes. It formed early on October 29 along a cold front to the southeast of the Carolinas. As it moved up the East Coast, its associated snowfall broke records in at least 20 cities for total accumulations, resulting in a rare "white Halloween" two days later. The storm arrived just two months after Hurricane Irene caused extensive power outages and property damage in the Northeast; with the 2011 New England tornado outbreak also causing damage in Western Massachusetts. The nor'easter dumped snow on trees that were often still in leaf, adding extra weight, with the ground in some areas still soft from a preceding warm, rainy period that increased the possibility trees could be uprooted. Trees and branches that collapsed caused considerable damage, particularly to power lines, with estimates of storm costs ranging between $1 billion and $3 billion.〔''Transmission Facility Outages During the Northeast Snowstorm of October 29–30, 2011'', Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and North American Electric Reliability Corporation, 2012-05-12, pages 5-8. Retrieved 2014-05-03.〕 In all, 3.2 million U.S. residences and businesses〔''Transmission Facility Outages During the Northeast Snowstorm of October 29–30, 2011'', Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and North American Electric Reliability Corporation, 2012-05-12, page 5. Retrieved 2014-05-03.〕 in 12 states experienced power outages, with the storm also impacting three Canadian provinces. In some areas of Connecticut, outages lasted as long as 11 days.〔''Transmission Facility Outages During the Northeast Snowstorm of October 29–30, 2011'', Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and North American Electric Reliability Corporation, 2012-05-12, page 8. Retrieved 2014-05-03.〕 Many communities chose to postpone celebrations of Halloween from two days to a week later as a result, or cancel them entirely. Delays in restoring power led to the resignation of the chief operating officer of Connecticut Light & Power amid widespread criticism of the company's mishandling of both the nor'easter and Irene.〔http://www.ctpost.com/news/article/Butler-resigns-as-CL-P-chief-2274349.php "Butler resigns as CL&P chief," Connecticut Post, 2011-11-18. Retrieved 2014-05-03.〕 ==Meteorological history== Early on October 28, 2011, a ridge over Canada advected an unseasonably cold air mass across the Mid-Atlantic states and New England; at the same time, a surface low-pressure area began developing along the coast of Louisiana. A cold front moved eastward from the Ohio Valley and exited the East Coast of the United States, developing another low pressure area off the coast of the Carolinas on October 29. At the same time, an area of precipitation extended from South Carolina through Pennsylvania, mostly falling as rain with some snow observed at higher elevations. By late that morning, the system was producing precipitation over much of the Mid-Atlantic and New England. As the system moved to the northeast through the day, it produced widespread snow and winds near hurricane-strength north of the cyclone's warm front over the open waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Winds as high as were observed in Massachusetts, and the National Weather Service, issued a Hurricane Force Wind Warning for the Gulf of Maine and other high seas off New England.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2011/2011-10-30-01.html )〕 Overnight into October 30, the storm passed south of Nantucket, and it moved over Nova Scotia later that day with a barometric pressure of . As it did so, the associated precipitation diminished over New England and moved into Atlantic Canada. As the system moved out into the Atlantic ocean, it reached a minimum barometric pressure of as it passed to the east of the island of Newfoundland late on October 31. By the early morning of November 1, the system had fully moved out to sea. The storm then hit the UK as Cyclone Quinn. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2011 Halloween nor'easter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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